History and Flow Psychology

Posted by Isra Anwar

July 20, 2014

History of Psychology even science as we know it mostly centered on the development of the early European history of the Greek, Roman until the late 19th century and then spread to various parts of the world.

Approach and orientation of science in psychology stems from the Greek philosophy, namely the transition from the mindset animism to natural science, the knowledge derived from nature. At this time trying explained human behavior through natural principles or principles analogous to natural phenomena.

Throughout the period of the Roman empire, the debate about human life shifted from a broad topic, the relationship between man and his environment / nature, towards an understanding of life, more specifically, the relationship between aspects within man himself.

The Renaissance was a period of transition, in which doctrinal knowledge under the influence of the church turned to the role of reason. The spirit of enlightenment increasingly apparent in the development of science and philosophy through the strengthening of the role of reason (reason) in all fields. The emergence of discussion about. "Knowledge" that led to the development of science and the scientific method advanced by leaps and bounds. Emphasis on real facts rather than abstract thinking. (Impact on study psychology so want to be a scientific and empirical studies)

Post-Renaissance, Psychology tries to be part of physiology emerged in the 19th century along with advances in the natural sciences (natural science). Where to begin this phase there is empirical and scientific answers of the questions that often arise in the past such as: What is the soul (soul)? What concrete form? How to measure it? How the body-soul relationship? All questions were answered with the advances in the field of physiological, covering research in the field of neurological activity, sensation, and brain which gives an empirical basis of the soul (the soul), which was also previously considered to be very abstract.

In the late 19th century, with the development of natural science and the scientific method are established as described in the previous section, the European intellectual context already "ready" to accept psychology as an independent discipline and formal.

Psychology is the German homeland. Therefore the emergence of psychology can not be separated from the social context German man whose mission is to form quality and professional workforce providers. Wilhelm Wundt, the first to proclaim psychology as a scientific discipline. Wundt was a doctor who is interested in the physiological field, which is a physiological way for psychology to be in the realm of empirical science and stand as an independent science.

Until then study psychology are formed and evolve with the emergence of various kinds of psychological flow. Here is a picture of the shape and development of the study of psychology:

GERMANY

Structuralism psychology / Experiments emphasis on the mental element, that mental (soul) can empiricism with physiological processes.
Gestalt psychology refuse decomposition analysis and soul into elements smaller because then, the meaning of life itself changes shape because unity is also missing. Stressing on the phenomenology of mental activity but still empirical. (Moved to the United States but it is difficult to develop due to the flow of behaviorism) .
Psychoanalysis follows the mental liveliness of Gestalt (Freud to the psychodynamics at the level of consciousness and non-consciousness) but not empirical (prevent rely on empiricism). Unlike the previous two streams in Germany, psychoanalysis evolved not from research scholars, but based on the experience of clinical practice of hypnosis in treating patients hysteria.

AMERICA

Psychology emphasis Functionalism in mental function not only translation of mental elements (physiological)
Psychology Behaviorism states that the soul or mental processes can empiricism through real behavior is not physiologically
Humanistic psychology contribute towards a positive and optimistic for the development of human potential, referred to as the restore nature of psychology as a science of human beings, perspectives and methods derived from philosophy after World War II.