Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
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| Abraham Maslow |
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory Abraham
Maslow developed a theory of personality that has influenced a number of
different fields, including education. This far-reaching impact because most of
the high level of practicality of Maslow's theory. This theory accurately
describes many realities of personal experiences. Many people find that they
can understand what Maslow says. They can recognize some features of their
experience or behavior which is true and identifiable but they were never put
into words.
Maslow is a humanistic psychologists. Humanists do not believe that human beings are pushed and pulled by mechanical forces, either of stimuli and reinforcements (behaviorism) or unconscious instinctual impulses (psychoanalysis). Humanist focuses on potential. They believe that human beings strive to level up abilities. Humans seek the limits of creativity, the highest reaches of consciousness and wisdom. It has been labeled "fully functioning person", "healthy personality", or as Maslow calls this level, "the self-the actualization."
Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs has been made. All the basic needs are instinctoid, the equivalent of instincts in animals. Humans start with a very weak disposition that is then quaint fully as the people grows. If the neighborhood is right, people will grow righteous and wonderful, actualizing the potentials they have inherited. If the environment is not "right" (and mostly absent) they will not grow tall and straight and beautiful.
Maslow has set up a hierarchy of five levels of basic
needs. Beyond these needs, higher levels of needs exist. This includes the need
for understanding, esthetic appreciation and purely spiritual needs. In the
five levels of basic needs, people do not feel the second need until the
demands of the first have been satisfied, nor the third until the second has
been satisfied, and so on. Maslow's basic needs are as follows:
1. Physiological Needs
It is a biological necessity. They consist of needs oxygen,
food, water, and a relatively constant body temperature. They are strong needs
because if a person is given all needs, the physiological which will come first
in the person's search for satisfaction.
2. Security Requirements
When all physiological requirement satisfied and no longer controlling thoughts and behaviors, the need for security can become active. Adults have little awareness of their security needs except in times of emergency or periods of disorganization in the social structure (such as widespread rioting). Children often display the signs of insecurity and the need to be safe.
3. Need Love, affection and ownership
When the needs for safety and physiological well-being are
satisfied, the next class of needs for love, affection and ownership can arise.
Maslow states that people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and
alienation. It involves both and receive love, affection and give a sense of
belonging.
4. Esteem Needs
When the first three classes of needs are met, the need for
the price can be dominant. It involves both self-esteem and the need to respect
a person gets from others. Humans have a need for firm, based, high level of
stable self, and respect from others. When these needs are met, people feel
confident and valuable as a person in the world. When the needs of frustration,
people feel inferior, weak, helpless and worthless.
5. Self Actualization Needs
When all the above requirements are met, then and only then is the need for self-actualization activated. Maslow describes self-actualization as a person need to be and do what was "born to do." "A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write." These needs make themselves felt in signs of restlessness. That person is feeling on edge, strained, lack of something, short, nervous. If someone is hungry, unsafe, not loved or accepted, or lacking self-esteem, it is very easy to find out what the person is restless about. It is not always clear what a person wants when there is a need for self-actualization.
The theory of the hierarchy of needs is often depicted as a
pyramid, the larger lower levels representing the lower needs, and the upper
point representing the need for self-actualization. Maslow believes that the
only reason that people would not move well in direction of self-actualization
is because of obstacles placed in their way by the people of the state. He that
education is one of the obstacles. He recommends ways education can switch from
an ordinary person-stunting tactics to grow the approach. Maslow states that
educators should respond to the potential an individual has to grow into
self-actualization/her own kind. Ten points that educators should address are
listed:
1 We must teach people to be authentic, to be aware of their
inner selves and to hear their feelings inner-voice.
2 We must teach people to overcome their cultural
conditioning and become world citizens.
3 We should help people discover their vocation in life,
their calling, fate or destiny. It is mainly focused on finding the right
career and the right mate.
4 We should teach people that life is precious, that there
is joy to be experienced in life, and if people are open to seeing the good and
happy in all kinds of situations, it makes life worth.
5. We must accept the person as he or she is and help the
person learn their inner nature. From the knowledge of the actual talents and
limitations we can know what to build upon, what potentials are really there.
6. We have to look at the basic needs of people are met. This
includes safety, belongingness, and esteem needs.
7. We must refreshen awareness, teach people to appreciate
the beauty and the other good things in nature and in life.
8. We should teach people that controls are good, and
complete abandon is bad. It takes control to improve the quality of life in all
areas.
9. We must teach people to cope with trivial problems and
grapple with the serious problems in life. These include problems of injustice,
pain, suffering, and death.
10. We must teach people to be good choosers. They must be
given practice in making good choices.
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