Multiple Intelligences

Posted by Isra Anwar

May 01, 2014

Multiple Intelligences Theory aims to transform school later to accommodate each student with a variety of unique patterns of thought. Howard Gardner (1993 ) asserted that the intelligence scale that had been used, it has many limitations that are less able to predict performance for one's future success. According to Gardner, the intelligence of a person includes the elements of logical mathematical intelligence, linguistic intelligence, musical intelligence, visual-spatial intelligence, kinesthetic intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalist intelligence. In detail, each of these intelligence is described as follows:

1. Logical - Mathematical Intelligence

Mathematical - logical intelligence indicates a person's ability to think inductively and deductively, according to the rules of logical thinking, understanding and analyzing patterns of numbers , and solve problems using thinking skills. Learners with high logic - mathematical intelligence tend to like activities analyze and learn cause and effect of something happening.

He like to think conceptually , eg generating hypotheses and conduct categorization and classification of what he faced. Such learners tend to like math activity and has high speed in solving mathematical problem . If not understand, they will tend to try to ask and seek answers to the things that are less understood.

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Learners are also very much liked the variety of games that involve active thinking activities, such as playing chess and puzzles.

2. Intelligence Language

Intelligence language indicates a person's ability to use language and words , both written and verbal, in many different forms to express their ideas. Language learners with high intelligence are generally characterized by pleasure in activities related to the use of a language such as reading, writing essays, poetry, composing aphorisms, and so on.

Such learners also tend to have a strong memory, for example the names of people, new terms, and the things that are detailed. They tend to be easier to learn by listening and verbalization. In terms of mastery of a new language, these learners generally have a higher capacity than other learners.

3. Musical Intelligence

Musical intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to nonverbal sounds that are around him , including in this case is the tone and rhythm .

Learners of this type tend to be happy to listen to a wonderful tone and rhythm, either through its own dilagukannya chanting, listening to a tape recorder, radio , orchestra performances, or plays a musical instrument itself. They are also easier to remember something and express ideas when linked with music.

4. Visual - Spatial Intelligence

Visual - spatial intelligence indicates a person's ability to understand more fully the relationship between objects and space. The learners have the ability, for example, to create a form in his mind's imagination or the ability to create three- dimensional forms such as found in adults who became a sculptor or architect of the building.

The ability to imagine a real form and then solve various problems in connection with this ability is the thing that stands out on the type of visual - spatial intelligence . Thus learners will excel, for example in the game searching for traces on a scouting activities.

5. Kinesthetic Intelligence

Kinesthetic intelligence indicates a person's ability to actively use the parts or the whole body to communicate and solve problems.

It can be found on learners who excel in one sport, like badminto, football , tennis, swimming, and so on, or can also be found on the learner who is good at dancing, acrobatics skilled play, or excel in playing magic.

6. Interpersonal Intelligence

Interpersonal intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to the feelings of others. They tend to understand and interact with others so easily socialize with their surroundings.

Such intelligence is often referred to as social intelligence , which in addition to the ability to establish an intimate friendship with a friend, also includes capabilities such as lead, organize, handle disputes between friends, gain sympathy from other students, and so on .

7. Intrapersonal Intelligence

Intrapersonal intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to the feelings of his ow . He tends to be able to recognize the strengths and weaknesses in himself. Such learners are happy to do self introspection, to correct deficiencies and weaknesses, and then try to improve themselves. Some of them tend to like the silence and solitud, reflection, and dialogue with itself.

8. Naturalist Intelligence

Naturalist intelligence indicates a person's ability to be sensitive to the natural environment, for example, happy to be in an open natural environment such as the beach, mountains, nature reserves, or forest.

9. Existential Intelligence
Some proponents of multiple intelligence theory proposed spiritual or religious intelligence as a possible additional type. Gardner did not want to commit to a spiritual intelligence, but suggested that an "existential" intelligence may be a useful construct. The hypothesis of an existential intelligence has been further explored by educational researchers.

Learners with intelligence like this tend to like to observe the natural environment such as various kinds of rocks, the types of soil layers, various kinds of flora and fauna, celestial bodies, and so on.

Through his concept of multiple intelligences or multiple intelligences Gardner corrects the limitations of the conventional ways of thinking about intelligence from single to plural.

Intelligence is not limited to intelligence as measured by intelligence tests using some of the narrow course, or simply look at achievements displayed a learner through repetition and exams at school alone, but intelligence also illustrates the ability of students in the fields of art, spatial, sports, communicat , and love of the environment.

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