Definition And Objectives of Learning
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| Definition And Objectives of Learning |
Teachers, as one element of educators must have the ability to understand how students learn and the ability to organize the learning process that is able to develop the skills and character shape learners. In order to understand the learning process that happens to students, teachers need to master nature and learn basic concepts. By mastering nature and learn the basic concepts, the teacher is able to apply them in learning activities, because the main function of learning is to facilitate the growth and development of learning in self-learners.
From the definition it appears that between studying and learning from each other has substantive and functional linkages. Linkage substantive teaching and learning lies in the conclusion changed behavior within the individual. Functional relevance of learning and learning is that learning is done intentionally to produce learning or in other words, learning is a learning parameter. However keep in mind that not all learning is a consequence of learning.
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In connection with it as a good candidate educator should understand the basic concepts and applying learning and learning and learning and learning objectives of that learners can learn in conditions of effective learning.
Understanding Learning
Learning is a component of science education with regard to the purpose and reference materials interaction. In it developed theories include theories about the purpose of education, curriculum organization, contents' curriculum, and curriculum development modules. (Dr. H Syaiful Sagala, M.Pd., 2008). Meanwhile, according to Morgan, et.al (1986) study can be defined as a change in behavior that occurs as a result relatiftetap and training and experience. This argument is similar to the opinion of Cronbach (SURYOBROTO, 1983) that "Learning is shown by a change in behavior as results of experience", and the opinion of Mazur and Rocklin (Slavin, 1997) that: "Learning is usually defined as a change in an individual the caused by experience ". Similarly, Reber (1988) who argued that "Learning is A relatively permanent change in response potentiality Occurs as a result roomates of reinforced practice", learning is a change in the ability to react relatively fixed as a result of reinforced practice.Ormrod (1995) describes the existence of two different definitions of learning. The first definition states that, "Learning is Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience," learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. While the second definition states that, "Learning is Relatively permanent change in mental associations due to experience," learning is a relatively permanent mental changes due to experience. Thus, learning is defined as the stage of activity that leads to changes in behavior and mental relative as a form of response to situations and interactions with the environment.
These notions shows a different characteristic, that:
a. Learning is an activity that results in a change in individual learning.
b. The changes in the form of new capabilities to respond to a stimulus.
c. Changes that occur permanently.
d. These changes occur not because of the process of growth or physical maturity, but rather due to a conscious effort.
Learning is action and complex student behavior. Dimyati and Mudjiono (1996:7) argues that the determinant of the learning process is the student. Additionally Hilgard and Marquis argues that learning is a process of finding knowledge within oneself through training, learning, and the other resulting in a change in the self. James L. Mursell suggests learning is the effort made by the experience, search, browse, and acquire for yourself what we want.
According to Gage (1984) study is as a process whereby an individual to change their behavior as a result of the experience. While Henry E. Garrett argued, learning is a process that occurs in a long period of time through a workout that brings a change in yourself. Then Lester D. Crow argued that the study is an attempt to acquire the habits, knowledge, and attitudes.
Furthermore, following the opinion of some experts on education and the psychology of learning, namely:
1) Learn the view of Skinner
Learning in the view of BF Skinner (1958) is a change that occurs in response to the emergence of opportunities.
2) Learning the view of Robert M. Gagne
Robert M. Gagne (1970), learning is a change that occurs in the human ability to learn that occurs after a continuous basis, not just due to the growth process alone.
3) Learn the view of Piaget
A psychologist Jean Piaget Switzerland (1896-1980) expressed his opinion about the definition of learning are complementary structural change between adjustment and realignment process (conversion) new information to information we already have so that new information can be properly adjusted.
4) Learning in the view of Carl R. Rogers
In the opinion of Carl R. Rogers (psycho therapy) study is a freedom or independence to find something good and the bad, but in a responsible manner.
5) Learning by Benjamin Bloom views
According to Benjamin Bloom (1956) study is the change in the quality of cognitive abilities, affective and psychomotor to improve their standard of living as a person, as a society, as well as a creature of God Almighty.
6) Learning in the view of Jerome S. Bruner
Jerome S. Bruner (1960), a developmental psychologist and cognitive psychologists study. He said learning is a way of how people select, maintain, and transform information effectively.
Based on the views of experts are different, but there are similarities among them the meaning of the notion of learning that is showing "a process of personal change someone's behavior or by practice or experience". The principal matters in terms of learning is learning that brings changes in behavior due to experience and practice, the change was mainly obtained because of new capabilities, and changes that occur due to accidental.
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