Definition of Political Science on the basis of Reality
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Definition of Political
The term political science is etymologically derived from Greece 'polis' meaning city or city-state. Of said policy was derived the word "polities" (citizens) and "politikos" (citizenship), then the word "techne politike" or political finesse and "politike episteme" for political science. Political science is seen as a branch of social science that has a base, frame, focus and scope of the obvious emerging late 19th century. However, when viewed in the context of the broader, as is rational discussion of various aspects of the state and political life, the political science can be said to be much older age, even said to be the oldest social science age.In Ancient Greece, the country has already started thinking about the year 450 BC This can be seen from the works produced by Herodotus, or philosopher-philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. In Indonesia, we know that some of the posts regarding ideas and cultural life of the state, among others, the State Kertagama MPU works Babad Tanah Jawi and prapanca. In the UK political issues considered included into the problems of philosophy. Especially Moral Philosophy, and his study of history can not be separated. After World War II, the development of political science more rapidly. In the Netherlands the first time established Faculteit der Sociale en Politike Arts and Sciences in 1947. Then continues to grow, with the UNESCO International Political Science Association (IPSA) held an in-depth study that covers approximately 10 countries. Post the results at the The University Teaching of Social Sciences: Political Science.
Definition of Political Science on the basis of Reality Politics is true because the definition on the basis of the Political Reality is more in line with the actual concept of political science. The basic concept of political science research is the most important element and is something that is used by researchers to better understand the world around them. The world is full of objects, events and ideas that each has different characteristics from one another. However, some of which showed the same characteristics.
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In its simplest formulation, the same characteristics or equally owned by the so-called "concept". With such a concept can be identified by looking at the core traits that exist in a variety of objects, events or ideas. Recognize the existence of political science concepts called political concept, which involves political symptoms. The political philosopher seeking such truth, law and justice. While modern scholars are more likely to see through concepts such as community, country or political system, government, power, legitimacy, and so on. Political concepts include:
Ø Community
Is one form of association which includes all relationships and groups within a region. In the study of political science one of the most important form of society is the state.
Ø State
Association is organizing policing within a community within a region, based on the legal system organized by a government for the purpose given the power to compel.
Ø Power
Is the ability of a person or group of people to influence the behavior of a person or group of people, so that people or groups that behave in accordance with the desire or the capability goals.
Ø Decision Making
Kepustusan making in political science is a collective decision making or public policy-making for the whole community.
Ø Distribution (Distribution)
Division in political science is the division and allocation of values ​​is binding, so that in politics there is the term "politics is a matter of who gets what, when and how."
The definition of the essence if we want to know more of what we want to know. Definitions play an important role to go further, because if we want to enter a home then one thing we need to know is there is next to where the door really show the room that we are headed, one-one opened the door to the room we could get stuck who do not have any value.
Itself is the principal or primary meaning of a thing. Literally interpreted as meaning the actual nature of a substance. Itself need to understand if we want to know the true meaning something. The nature referred to in this paper is the nature of politics, the power of the lens.
As one part of the Social Sciences, political science can not be separated from the influence of other social sciences are also growing. Similarly, taking the definitions that will be presented is also associated with other social science disciplines. It happened because the object of political science is a human being, which is always dynamic and continuously blooming from time to time.
The concepts developed in political science directly and indirectly influence enough to have taken a definition of the meaning of political science. The concept of the state, society, power, decision-making, as well as the distribution of power is strongly associated with the Definitions that will be used to explore the political science
In connection with it, political science develops in line with the other social sciences as well as the development of the concepts that exist in society. Diversity designation terminology or owned by political science, one of which political science have difficulty in defining terms. It is the same as jurisprudence hitherto found a satisfactory definition. Defining political science can be classified into three categories, namely:
1. Endefinisian Institutional
Defining the look object of political science in institutions or political institutions such as the state, the government and others. Some scholars belonging to this group include:
- Wilbur White
Political science is the study of the origins, forms and processes of state and government.
- Gilchrist
Political science is the science of the state and government.
- Adolf Grabowsky
Investigate the state of political science in motion.
Class is studying the institutional definition of political institutions with the state as the central discussion. The discussion begins with the origin of the state, the nature of the country, its history and purpose, as well as other forms of state until the preparation of deductions about the growth and development of the country.
2. Defining Functional
The definition of a reaction to the institutional definition that is too focused on the formal structure of political institutions, with a review that is too dogmatic and legal aspects. Defining Functional prioritize the functions and activities of the formal structure of political institutions, and political institutions viewed as something dynamic that can not escape from the non-juridical factors.
3. Definition on the basis of Political Reality
Is seen as defining the nature of political power. The nature of politics is power (power) and thus politics is a series of events related to each other based on power. Politics is a "struggle for power" or "running techniques powers" or "the problems of implementation and supervision of power", or "the establishment and use of power".
Some of the definitions proposed by scholars as follows:
- Joseph Roucek
Politics is the quest for power and political relationship, actual or potentia ".
- Catliri
A study of the act of control, or as the act of human and social control.
- Laswell
When we speak of the science of politics, we mean the science of power.
Defining political science based nature of politics as power is called interpretation of politics based on power (power interpretation of politics). Power was shown investigated its nature, principles, and its development, and consequently order.
Category definition should see from the parameters used, each categorization definition of political science rests on different things. Defining Institutional lean towards the state, the government and the other as an object, a functional definition is more focused on the functions and activities of political institutions, and the definition on the basis of a more political nature focuses on the power of a political nature. On the basis of these categories shows that the backrest on the basis of defining the nature of politics, which is power; wider than that of other categories such as the state and its functions.
Talk about the state or other institutions are more inclined to the knowledge of the origin, the nature of the country, its history and purpose as well as other forms of state and institutional development course. Similarly, if we talk about the function, though more extensive than talking structure, but it is limited to the exercise of the functions and activities of the course structure. Another case if we rely on the political nature of power, this means that the definition of political views in a larger scope, ranging from the institution or structure, because there can be no power without structure or area practice, until the process of how power is achieved, maintained and the reality of the exercise of power.
On the basis of defining the nature of politics is much broader in scope in view of the political phenomenon that is growing at this time. Talking politics can not be separated discuss how to gain and maintain power. Based on the political definition of the political nature has explained the real meaning of today's politics, the political power of the objectives pursued through a variety of ways, and in ways that are used to maintain power held. Both of these become commonplace in politics wherever we are. Even the current trend is more emphasis on phenomena that occur in practical politics, not on the question of how political science and used it there. There are some views that say that many people who studied political science, law and so only a means to achieve power. It is fitting therefore on the basis of the nature of the use of the definition used in defining the political sense than the two other definitions that define the politics of context that tends to narrow.
Defining the political science above are complementary, depending on which side we view politics, if we look at the science politic terms of the structure of the state certainly fitting use of political science definition of Institutional, but if we are more inclined to the implementation of the functions and activities of the formal structure institutions, the functional definition of legitimate use. Similarly, the use of the definition on the basis of the nature of where we want to see political science from the context of power.
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